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- Photomontage -
- the technique of
- layering and
- juxtaposing
- incongruous text
- and pictures to
- make a new
- image - was
- developed by
- Heartfield and
- the political
- cartoonist George
- Grosz. Grosz
- recalled:
- "...Heartfield and
- I had already in
- 1915 made
- interesting photo-
- pasting-montage
- experiments...The
- name 'monteur' I
- invented."
- #
- Grosz, like
- Heartfield, was a
- fierce pacifist.
- Anti-war, and
- later anti-Nazi
- themes
- dominated their
- joint work, and
- together they
- helped form the
- Berlin Dadaists.
- Dada (itself a
- nonsense word)
- was an anti-art
- movement which
- began in Zurich
- around 1915
- #
- Heartfield left
- Germany for
- Czechoslovakia
- when the Nazis
- came to power. In
- 1938 he moved
- to London, but
- did not have a
- happy time there.
- Eventually,
- and somewhat
- reluctantly, he
- returned to
- communist East
- Germany and put
- his art at the
- service of the
- new regime
- #
- Some of
- Heartfield's
- sharpest satire
- was directed
- against the Nazi
- leadership. This
- montage has
- Hitler proclaiming
- "Millions stand
- behind me" - but
- the millions are
- money, not
- supporters; and
- in Heartfield's
- hands, the Nazi
- salute becomes
- the surreptitious
- gesture of a
- bribe-taker
- #
- This striking but
- moving image,
- first published in
- 1932, was
- originally
- intended as a
- criticism of the
- League of
- Nations. It was
- re-published in
- the Sixties with
- the caption
- "Never again",
- and now stands
- as a universal
- expression of the
- futility of war
- #
- This seamless
- photomontage
- satirizes Hitler's
- famed rhetoric.
- The caption was
- "Adolf the
- Superman:
- swallows gold
- and spouts junk".
- The image was
- blown up and
- posted on walls in
- 1932, and led to
- fights between
- Nazis and
- Communists
- #
- Heartfield, an
- utterly loyal
- supporter of the
- Soviet regime,
- used his gifts as a
- propagandist to
- promote the
- communist party:
- "It is our task to
- influence the
- masses as well,
- as strongly, as
- intensely as
- possible"
- #
- Hitler reorganised
- the Protestant
- church to ensure
- there were clerics
- sympathetic to
- Nazism at every
- level. This
- montage uses a
- familiar Christian
- image to devas-
- tating effect.
- Alongside the
- Nazi functionary
- who is trans-
- forming Christ's
- cross into a
- swastika, there
- was a caption
- which read: "The
- crucifix was not
- yet heavy enough."
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